Careers, Opportunities in Ministry
| Introduction | Algeria |
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Background:
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 After a century of
rule by France, and in the wake of 1948 elections rigged by
French colonists to reverse the sweeping victory of a Muslim
political party in 1947, Algerians fought through the 1950s to
achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party,
the National  Liberation Front (FLN), has dominated politics ever
since. Many Algerians in the subsequent generation were not
satisified, however, and moved to counter the FLN's centrality
in Algerian politics. The surprising first round success of the
fundamentalist Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December
1991 balloting spurred the army to intervene and postpone the
second round of elections to prevent an extremist-led government
from assuming power. The Algerian army began a crack down on the
FIS, that resulted in a continuous low-grade civil conflict
between Islamic activists and the secular state apparatus. The
government later allowed elections featuring pro-government and
moderate religiously-based parties, but did not appease the
activists who progressively widened their attacks. Operations by
the activists and the army resulted in nearly 100,000 deaths
during the decade-long conflict. The government gained the
uppper hand by the mid-1990s and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic
Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Many armed militants
of other groups surrendered under an amnesty program designed to
promote national reconciliation, but small numbers of armed
militants persist in confronting government forces and
conducting ambushes and occasional attacks on villages. Issues
facing the winner of the April 2004 presidential election
include Berber unrest, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of
housing, the presence of a group in the southern regions of the
country that kidnapped European tourists in 2003, as well as the
need to diversify Algeria's petroleum-based economy. Algeria
assumed a two-year seat on the UN Security Council in January
2004. |
| Geography |
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Location:
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Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total:
2,381,740 sq km water: 0 sq km land: 2,381,740 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 6,343
km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km |
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Coastline:
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998 km |
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Climate:
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arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
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Terrain:
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mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Chott Melrhir -40 m highest point: Tahat 3,003 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc |
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Land use:
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arable land:
3.21% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 96.58% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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5,600 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season |
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Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water |
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Geography - note:
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second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan) |
| People |
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Population:
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32,129,324 (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years:
29.9% (male 4,893,971; female 4,705,933) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 10,593,840; female 10,443,300) 65 years and over: 4.6% (male 703,420; female 788,860) (2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 23.8
years male: 23.7 years female: 24 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.28% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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17.76 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 32.16
deaths/1,000 live births female: 28.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 36.06 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 72.74 years male: 71.22 years female: 74.34 years (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.1% note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Arab-Berber 99%,
European less than 1% note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not Arab; the minority who identify themselves as Berber live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algeirs; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools |
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Religions:
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Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% |
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Languages:
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Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70% male: 78.8% female: 61% (2003 est.) |
| Government |
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local short form: Al Jaza'ir local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Algiers |
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Independence:
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5 July 1962 (from France) |
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National holiday:
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Revolution Day, 1 November (1954) |
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Constitution:
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19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996 |
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Legal system:
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socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHIA (since 9 May 2003) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 April 2004 (next to be held NA April 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for second term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA 85%, Ali Benflis 6.4%, Abdallah Djaballah 5% |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral
Parliament consists of the National People's Assembly or Al-Majlis
Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (389 seats - changed from 380 seats in the
2002 elections; members elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms) and the Council of Nations (Senate) (144 seats;
one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds
elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year terms; the
constitution requires half the council to be renewed every three
years) elections: National People's Assembly - last held 30 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); Council of Nations (Senate) - last held 30 December 2003 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FLN 199, RND 48, Islah 43, MSP 38, PT 21, FNA 8, EnNahda 1, PRA 1, MEN 1, independents 29; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party NA% |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Court Supreme |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Algerian National
Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Democratic National Rally or RND
[Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic Salvation Front or FIS
(outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and Dr. Abassi MADANI, Rabeh
KEBIR (self-exiled in Germany)]; Society of Peace Movement or
MSP [Boujerra SOLTANI]; National Entente Movement or MEN [Ali
BOUKHAZNA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Ali BENFLIS,
secretary general]; National Reform Movement or Islah (formerly
MRN) [Abdellah DJABALLAH]; National Renewal Party or PRA [Yacine
TERKMANE]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS]; Rally
for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary
general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Fatah RABEI];
Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Socialist Forces
Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exiled
in Switzerland)]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN] note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997 |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Idriss JAZAIRY chancery: 2137 Wyoming Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 FAX: [1] (202) 667-2174 telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Richard W. ERDMAN (as of 10 July 2003) embassy: 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers mailing address: B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers telephone: [213] (21) 691-425/255/186 FAX: [213] (21) 69-39-79 |
| Economy |
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Economy - overview:
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The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the seventh-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the second-largest gas exporter; it ranks 14th in oil reserves. Economic policy reforms supported by the IMF and debt rescheduling from the Paris Club in the past decade have helped improve Algeria's financial and macroeconomic indicators. Because of sustained high oil prices in the past three years, Algeria's finances have further benefited from substantial trade surpluses and record foreign exchange reserves. Real GDP has risen due to higher oil output and increased government spending. The government's continued efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector, however, has had little success in reducing high unemployment and improving living standards. Structural reform within the economy moves ahead slowly. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $194.3 billion (2003 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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7.3% (2003 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $5,900 (2003 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
10.2% industry: 56.6% services: 33.2% (2003) |
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Population below poverty line:
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23% (1999 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%:
2.8% highest 10%: 26.8% (1995) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.1% (2003 est.) |
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Labor force:
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9.5 million (2003) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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government 32%, agriculture 14%, construction and public works 10%, industry 13.4%, trade 16%, other 14.6% (2002 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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28.4% (2003 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$18.5 billion expenditures: $22.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.8 billion (2003 est.) |
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Industries:
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petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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8% (2003 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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24.69 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel:
99.7% hydro: 0.3% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Oil - production:
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1.52 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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209,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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80.3 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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22.32 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle |
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Exports:
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$24.96 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% |
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 20.1%, US 14.2%, France 13.6%, Spain 12.1%, Netherlands 9%, Turkey 5.1%, Canada 5%, Brazil 4.8% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$12.42 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods |
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Imports - partners:
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France 22.7%, US 9.8%, Italy 9.6%, Germany 7.2%, Spain 5.3% (2002) |
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Currency:
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Algerian dinar (DZD) |
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Currency code:
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DZD |
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Exchange rates:
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Algerian dinars per US dollar - 77.4 (2003), 79.68 (2002), 77.22 (2001), 75.26 (2000), 66.57 (1999) |
| Communications |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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2.2 million (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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1,447,310 (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: telephone density in Algeria is very low, not
exceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the number of fixed
main lines increased in the last few years to a little more than
2,000,000, but only about two-thirds of these have subscribers;
much of the infrastructure is outdated and inefficient domestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (20 additional domestic earth stations are planned) international: country code - 213; 5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat (1998) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995) |
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Internet country code:
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.dz |
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Internet hosts:
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821 (2002) |
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Internet users:
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500,000 (2002) |
| Transportation |
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Railways:
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total: 3,973
km standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2003) |
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Highways:
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total:
104,000 km paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,344 km (1999) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 59
ships (1,000 GRT or over) 837,676 GRT/929,847 DWT by type: bulk 9, cargo 16, chemical tanker 6, liquefied gas 10, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea/passenger 4, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: United Kingdom 4 registered in other countries: 4 (2003 est.) |
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Airports:
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137 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 53 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 84 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25 under 914 m: 19 (2003 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 38 |
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Heliports:
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1 (2003 est.) |
| Military |
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Military branches:
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People's National Army (ANP; includes Ground Forces), Algerian National Navy (ANN), Air Force (QJA), Territorial Air Defense |
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Military manpower - military age:
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19 years of age (2004 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 9,311,747 (2004 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 5,675,739 (2004 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 373,235 (2004 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$2,196.6 million (2003) |
| Transnational Issues |
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Disputes - international:
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Libya claims about 32,000 sq km in a dormant dispute still reflected on its maps in southeastern Algeria; Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout the Sahel who destabilize southern Algerian towns; border with Morocco remains closed over mutual claims of harboring militants, arms smuggling; Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; Algerian FLN asserts claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco |
This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004