|
Home
Missions
Ministries
Bible
Institute & School
Contact
Us
Careers,
Opportunities in Ministry
|
Background:
|
Indonesia
is the world's largest archipelago; it achieved independence
from the Netherlands in 1949. Current issues include:
alleviating widespread poverty, preventing terrorism,
effecting a transition to a popularly-elected government after
four decades of authoritarianism, implementing reforms of the
banking sector, addressing charges of cronyism and corruption,
holding the military and police accountable for human rights
violations, and resolving separatist pressures in Aceh and
Papua.
|
|
Location:
|
Southeastern
Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific
Ocean |
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
5 00 S, 120 00 E |
|
Map references:
|
Southeast
Asia |
|
Area:
|
total:
1,919,440 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
land: 1,826,440 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly less
than three times the size of Texas |
|
Land boundaries:
|
total:
2,830 km
border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km,
Papua New Guinea 820 km |
|
Coastline:
|
54,716 km |
|
Climate:
|
tropical; hot,
humid; more moderate in highlands |
|
Terrain:
|
mostly coastal
lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains |
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m |
|
Natural resources:
|
petroleum, tin,
natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils,
coal, gold, silver |
|
Land use:
|
arable land:
9.9%
permanent crops: 7.2%
other: 82.9% (1998 est.) |
|
Irrigated land:
|
48,150 sq km
(1998 est.) |
|
Natural hazards:
|
occasional
floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes,
forest fires |
|
Environment - current issues:
|
deforestation;
water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution
in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Marine Life Conservation |
|
Geography - note:
|
archipelago of
more than 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator;
strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from
Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean |
|
Population:
|
238,452,952 (July
2004 est.) |
|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years:
29.4% (male 35,635,790; female 34,416,854)
15-64 years: 65.5% (male 78,097,767; female 78,147,909)
65 years and over: 5.1% (male 5,308,986; female
6,845,646) (2004 est.) |
|
Median age:
|
total:
26.1 years
male: 25.7 years
female: 26.6 years (2004 est.) |
|
Population growth rate:
|
1.49% (2004 est.) |
|
Birth rate:
|
21.11
births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
|
Death rate:
|
6.26 deaths/1,000
population (2004 est.) |
|
Net migration rate:
|
0 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2004 est.) |
|
Sex ratio:
|
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total:
36.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 31.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 42.09 deaths/1,000 live births |
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total
population: 69.26 years
male: 66.84 years
female: 71.8 years (2004 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
0.1% (2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
120,000 (2001
est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
4,600 (2001 est.) |
|
Nationality:
|
noun:
Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian |
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Javanese 45%,
Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26% |
|
Religions:
|
Muslim 88%,
Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other
1% (1998) |
|
Languages:
|
Bahasa Indonesia
(official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local
dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese |
|
Literacy:
|
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.5%
male: 92.9%
female: 84.1% (2003 est.) |
|
Country name:
|
conventional
long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
local long form: Republik Indonesia
former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
local short form: Indonesia |
|
Government type:
|
republic |
|
Capital:
|
Jakarta |
|
Administrative divisions:
|
27 provinces (propinsi-propinsi,
singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah
istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital
city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten,
Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa
Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan,
Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung,
Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa
Tenggara Timur, Papua, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah,
Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera
Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*; note - with the
implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357
districts (regencies) have become the key administrative units
responsible for providing most government services
note: following the 30 August 1999 provincial
referendum for independence that was overwhelmingly approved
by the people of Timor Timur and the October 1999 concurrence
of Indonesia's national legislature, the name Timor Leste
(East Timor) was adopted as the name for the political entity
formerly known as Propinsi Timor Timur; East Timor gained its
formal independence on 20 May 2002 |
|
Independence:
|
17 August 1945
(proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia
became legally independent from the Netherlands) |
|
National holiday:
|
Independence Day,
17 August (1945) |
|
Constitution:
|
August 1945,
abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional
Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 |
|
Legal system:
|
based on
Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts
and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
|
Executive branch:
|
chief of
state: President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 23 July
2001) and Vice President Hamzah HAZ (since 26 July 2001); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of
government
head of government: President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri
(since 23 July 2001) and Vice President Hamzah HAZ (since 26
July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state
and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president and vice president previously were
elected separately by the People's Consultative Assembly or
MPR for five-year terms; next election to be held 5 July 2004;
in accordance with constitutional changes, the election of the
president and vice president will be by direct vote of the
citizenry
note: the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis
Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the House of
Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) plus 195
indirectly selected members; it meets every five years to
approve broad outlines of national policy and also has yearly
meetings to consider constitutional and legislative changes;
constitutional amendments adopted in 2001 and 2002 provide for
the MPR to be restructured in 2004 and to consist entirely of
popularly-elected members who will be in the DPR and the new
House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or
DPD); the MPR will no longer formulate national policy
election results: MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri elected
president, receiving 591 votes in favor (91 abstentions);
Hamzah HAZ elected vice president, receiving 340 votes in
favor (237 against) |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral House
of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (550
seats; members serve five-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party - Golkar
21.6%, PDI-P 18.5%, PKB 10.6%, PPP 8.2%, PD 7.5%, PKS 7.3%,
PAN 6.4%, others 19.9%; seats by party - Golkar 128, PDI-P
109, PPP 58, PD 57, PKB 52, PAN 52, PKS 45, others 49
note: because of election rules, the number of seats
won does not always follow the number of votes received by
parties
elections: last held 5 April 2004 (next to be held in
April 2009) |
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme Court or
Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a
list of candidates approved by the legislature); note - the
Supreme Court is preparing to assume administrative
responsibility for the lower court system, currently run by
the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; a separate
Constitutional Court was invested by the president on 16
August 2003 |
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
Crescent Moon and
Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Democratic
Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO, chairman]; Functional
Groups or Golkar [Akbar TANDJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia
Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri,
chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB,
chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS,
chairman]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Hidayat NUR WAHID,
chairman]; United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ,
chairman] |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
NA |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief of
mission: Ambassador SOEMADI Brotodiningrat
FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles,
New York, and San Francisco
telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200
chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20036 |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief of
mission: Ambassador Ralph L. BOYCE
embassy: Jalan 1 Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta
10110
mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520
telephone: [62] (21) 3435-9000
FAX: [62] (21) 385-7189
consulate(s) general: Surabaya |
|
Economy - overview:
|
Indonesia,
a vast polyglot nation, faces economic development problems
stemming from recent acts of terrorism, unequal resource
distribution among regions, endemic corruption, the lack of
reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, weaknesses in
the banking system, and a generally poor climate for foreign
investment. Indonesia withdrew from its IMF program at the end
of 2003, but issued a "White Paper" that commits the
government to maintaining fundamentally sound macroeconomic
policies previously established under IMF guidelines.
Investors, however, continued to face a host of on-the-ground
microeconomic problems and an inadequate judicial system. Keys
to future growth remain internal reform, building up the
confidence of international and domestic investors, and strong
global economic growth. |
|
GDP:
|
purchasing
power parity - $758.1 billion (2003 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
4%
(2003 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing
power parity - $3,200 (2003 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture:
15.9%
industry: 42.1%
services: 42% (2002 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line:
|
27%
(1999) |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
6.9%
(2003 est.) |
|
Labor force:
|
100.5
million (2002) |
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture
45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.) |
|
Unemployment rate:
|
10.5%
(2003 est.) |
|
Budget:
|
revenues:
$39 billion
expenditures: $43 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (2003 est.) |
|
Industries:
|
petroleum
and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement,
chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism |
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
3.6%
(2003 est.) |
|
Electricity - production:
|
95.78
billion kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil
fuel: 86.9%
hydro: 10.5%
other: 2.6% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
89.08
billion kWh (2001) |
|
Oil - production:
|
1.451
million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption:
|
1.045
million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - production:
|
69
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption:
|
36.2
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
32.8
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu
m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
2.549
trillion cu m (1 January 2002) |
|
Agriculture - products:
|
rice,
cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil,
copra, poultry, beef, pork, eggs |
|
Exports:
|
$63.89
billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
|
appliances,
plywood, textiles, rubber |
|
Exports - partners:
|
Japan
21.1%, US 13.2%, Singapore 9.4%, South Korea 7.2%, China 5.1%
(2002) |
|
Imports:
|
$40.22
billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery
and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs |
|
Imports - partners:
|
Japan
14.1%, Singapore 13.1%, US 8.5%, China 7.8%, South Korea 5.3%,
Australia 5.1% (2002) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$132.9
billion (2003 est.) |
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$43
billion Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003
but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative
Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants
and loans for 2004. (2003 est.) |
|
Currency:
|
Indonesian
rupiah (IDR) |
|
Currency code:
|
IDR |
|
Exchange rates:
|
Indonesian
rupiahs per US dollar - 8,577.13 (2003), 9,311.19 (2002),
10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.77 (2000), 7,855.15 (1999) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
calendar
year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting
with 2001, has been changed to calendar year |
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
7.75 million
(2002) |
|
Telephones - mobile cellular:
|
11.7 million
(2002) |
|
Telephone system:
|
general
assessment: domestic service fair, international service
good
domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio
police net; domestic satellite communications system
international: country code - 62; satellite earth
stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) |
|
Radio broadcast stations:
|
AM 678, FM 43,
shortwave 82 (1998) |
|
Television broadcast stations:
|
41 (1999) |
|
Internet country code:
|
.id |
|
Internet hosts:
|
61,279 (2002) |
|
Internet users:
|
8 million (2002) |
|
Railways:
|
total:
6,458 km
narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km
electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2002) |
|
Highways:
|
total:
342,700 km
paved: 158,670 km
unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.) |
|
Waterways:
|
21,579 km total
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km,
Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya
4,587 km |
|
Pipelines:
|
condensate 672
km; condensate/gas 125 km; gas 8,183 km; oil 7,429 km;
oil/gas/water 66 km; refined products 1,329 km; water 72 km
(2003) |
|
Ports and harbors:
|
Cilacap, Cirebon,
Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total: 718
ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,192,847 GRT/4,319,739 DWT
by type: bulk 47, cargo 398, chemical tanker 13,
container 57, liquefied gas 6, livestock carrier 1, passenger
10, passenger/cargo 13, petroleum tanker 128, refrigerated
cargo 2, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea/passenger 9,
specialized tanker 12, vehicle carrier 7
registered in other countries: 109 (2003 est.)
foreign-owned: France 1, Germany 1, Greece 1, Honduras
1, Hong Kong 2, Japan 3, Malaysia 1, Monaco 2, Panama 1,
Philippines 2, Singapore 12, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 2,
United States 1 |
|
Airports:
|
661 (2003 est.) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 154
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 49
under 914 m: 44 (2003 est.)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 44 |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total: 507
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
under 914 m: 478 (2003 est.)
914 to 1,523 m: 23 |
|
Heliports:
|
22 (2003 est.) |
|
Military branches:
|
Indonesia Armed
Forces (TNI): Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL, including Marines,
Naval Air arm), Air Force (TNI-AU) |
|
Military manpower - military age:
|
18 years of age
(2004 est.) |
|
Military manpower - availability:
|
males age
15-49: 66,458,805 (2004 est.) |
|
Military manpower - fit for military service:
|
males age
15-49: 38,728,029 (2004 est.) |
|
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
|
males:
2,196,424 (2004 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
|
$1 billion (FY98) |
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
|
1.3% (FY98) |
|
Disputes - international:
|
East
Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey
and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the
boundary remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest
the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu
Sinai, which hinders a decision on a southern maritime
boundary; numbers of East Timor refugees in Indonesia refuse
repatriation; the Australia-East Timor 1999 maritime
delimitation establishes partial maritime boundaries over part
of the Timor Gap, but temporary resource-sharing agreements
over an unreconciled area hamper creation of a shared maritime
boundary with Indonesia; ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan
islands to Malaysia in 2002 prompted Indonesia to assert
claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer
islands; Indonesian secessionists, squatters and illegal
migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea |
|
Illicit drugs:
|
illicit producer
of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as
transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin |
This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
|