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Background:
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 The
third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco)
also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to
tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named
Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned
with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the
republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. |
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Location:
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Southern Europe,
an enclave in central Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 46 N, 12 25 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total:
61.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about 0.3 times
the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 39
km
border countries: Italy 39 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean;
mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
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Terrain:
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rugged mountains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
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Natural resources:
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building stone |
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Land use:
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arable land:
16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked;
smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and
Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
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Population:
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28,503 (July 2004
est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years:
16.5% (male 2,425; female 2,277)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 9,200; female 9,834)
65 years and over: 16.7% (male 2,059; female 2,708)
(2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 40
years
male: 39.6 years
female: 40.3 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.33% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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10.31
births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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7.96 deaths/1,000
population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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10.98 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
5.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 6.28 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 81.53 years
male: 78.02 years
female: 85.34 years (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese |
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Ethnic groups:
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Sammarinese,
Italian |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic |
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Languages:
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Italian |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97%
female: 95% (1976 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino |
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Government type:
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independent
republic |
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Capital:
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San Marino |
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Administrative divisions:
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9 municipalities
(castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore,
Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino,
San Marino, Serravalle |
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Independence:
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3 September 301 |
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National holiday:
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Founding of the
Republic, 3 September (301) |
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Constitution:
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8 October 1600;
electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a
constitution |
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Legal system:
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based on civil
law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Executive branch:
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chief of
state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Paolo BOLLINI and
Captain Regent Marino RICCARDI (for the period 1 April-30
September 2004)
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected
by the Great and General Council for a six-month term;
election last held NA March 2004 (next to be held NA September
2004); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs
elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term;
election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June
2007)
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and
General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the
Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period;
they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council
and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other
members, all selected by the Grand and General Council;
assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the
secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the
prerogatives of a prime minister
election results: Paolo BOLLINI and Marino RICCARDI
elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%;
Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and
political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and
General Council for a five-year term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and
Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002) |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Grand
and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats;
members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by
June 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS
41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats
by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1 |
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Judicial branch:
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Council of Twelve
or Consiglio dei XII |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Communist
Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM
[Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party
of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian
Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino
Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San
Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists
for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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San Marino does
not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New
York
honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US does not
have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in
Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino |
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Economy - overview:
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The tourist
sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3
million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are
banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main
agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita
level of output and standard of living are comparable to those
of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much
of its food. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power
parity - $940 million (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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7.5% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power
parity - $34,600 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% (1996) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.3% (2001) |
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Labor force:
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18,500 (1999) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 57%,
industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.6% (2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$400 million
expenditures: $400 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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tourism, banking,
textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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6% (1997 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat, grapes,
corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides |
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Exports:
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trade data are
included with the statistics for Italy |
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Exports - commodities:
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building stone,
lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides,
ceramics |
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Imports:
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trade data are
included with the statistics for Italy |
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Imports - commodities:
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wide variety of
consumer manufactures, food |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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euro (EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per US
dollar - 0.89 (2003), 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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20,600 (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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16,800 (2002) |
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: adequate connections
domestic: automatic telephone system completely
integrated into Italian system
international: country code - 378; connected to Italian
international network |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 3,
shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (San Marino
residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.sm |
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Internet users:
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14,300 (2002) |
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Railways:
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0 km; note -
there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San
Marino to Borgo Maggiore |
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Highways:
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total: 220
km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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none |
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Airports:
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none (2003 est.) |
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Military branches:
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Voluntary
Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - the Voluntary
Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police
assistance |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$700,000
(FY00/01) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA% |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
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